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Reaction Scale Calculator

Pick a stored reaction, fix one reagent's amount, get every other reagent's quantity by stoichiometric equivalents. Solvent volume derived from your substrate concentration. Densities + molar masses come from our molecule database.

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Suzuki–Miyaura coupling: 4-bromobenzonitrile + phenylboronic acid → 4-cyanobiphenyl

Ar–Br + Ar'–B(OH)₂ → Ar–Ar' (Pd(0), base)

Canonical Pd(0)-catalysed cross-coupling of an aryl halide with an aryl boronic acid. The 4-cyanobiphenyl target is the textbook demonstration substrate — electron-poor aryl halide + electron-rich boronic acid, matched polarity for a clean transmetalation. Same pair appears in the ORD-shaped test fixture at tests/fixtures/ord/suzuki_simple.json.

Conditions: Pd(PPh3)4 (5 mol%), K2CO3 (2 equiv, heterogeneous solid base), 1,4-dioxane (or dioxane:H2O 4:1 for hydrolytically robust substrates). Reflux 80–90 °C, 4–24 h. Argon or N2 atmosphere. Workup: cool, partition between EtOAc + brine, wash organic with sat. NaHCO3 + brine, dry MgSO4, concentrate, recrystallise from EtOH or chromatograph (hexane/EtOAc).

Expected yield
70–85 %
Expected duration
4–24 h at 80–90 °C (reflux)

Mechanism reference ↗

Scale inputs

Anchor reagent + concentration

Total reactant moles divided by this concentration sets the solvent volume.

Anchor amount

Updates as you type · the URL captures every input.

Computed quantities

Reactants

Reactants for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling: 4-bromobenzonitrile + phenylboronic acid → 4-cyanobiphenyl: stoichiometric quantities derived from the anchor amount.
Reagent Equiv Moles · mmol Mass · g Volume · mL
623-00-7
623-00-7 · C7H4BrN

density unavailable — volume not calculable.

1.0 10.00 1.820
Phenylboronic Acid
98-80-6 · C6H7BO2

density unavailable — volume not calculable.

1.1 11.00 1.341

Catalyst

Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling: 4-bromobenzonitrile + phenylboronic acid → 4-cyanobiphenyl: stoichiometric quantities derived from the anchor amount.
Reagent Equiv Moles · mmol Mass · g Volume · mL
Tetrakis(Triphenylphosphine)Palladium
14221-01-3 · C72H60P4Pd

density unavailable — volume not calculable.

0.05 0.50 0.578

Solvent

Solvent for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling: 4-bromobenzonitrile + phenylboronic acid → 4-cyanobiphenyl: stoichiometric quantities derived from the anchor amount.
Reagent Equiv Moles · mmol Mass · g Volume · mL
123-91-1
123-91-1 · C4H8O2
490.98 43.260 42.00

Product

Product for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling: 4-bromobenzonitrile + phenylboronic acid → 4-cyanobiphenyl: stoichiometric quantities derived from the anchor amount.
Reagent Equiv Moles · mmol Mass · g Volume · mL
2920-38-9
2920-38-9 · C13H9N
1.0 10.00 1.792

Expected isolated yield

What you should actually weigh out of the recrystallisation flask, scaled from the limiting reactant via the canonical-procedure yield window.

Product
2920-38-9 2920-38-9 · C13H9N
Theoretical max
1.79 g (10.00 mmol)
Expected isolated · 70–85 % yield
1.25 – 1.52 g

Stoichiometry: moles_X = (moles_anchor / equiv_anchor) × equiv_X. Mass = moles × MW; volume = mass / ρ. Solvent volume = total reactant moles ÷ substrate concentration.

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